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Religion may have originated when farmers no longer worshipped their seeds and animals because they stopped seeing them as equals, but as possessions, but still faced uncertainty about the future. Successful empires integrated rather than subjugated their people when those people demanded equality under the empire's cultural values. Successive empires defined much of human history and helped legitimize rule across many different cultural groups. The same forces that created the economy and social safety nets also supports racism, class divisions, and sexism. Laws, corporations, money, and religion are collective myths, or inter-subjective beliefs, that collapse unless believed but enable strangers to cooperate and live in peace. The Agricultural Revolution facilitated explosive population growth at the cost of human quality of life and the quality of livestock's lives.
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A unique mental or social development in Homo sapiens enabled the species to either integrate with or replace other species as they spread to new regions of the world. He has won numerous prizes for military history, creativity, and originality in research since 2009.ġ. IMPORTANT PEOPLE Yuval Noah Harari: Yuval Harari is a lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Department of History. Maybe, someday, people will become a-mortal, or live much longer than the current lifespan because certain things that currently cause death will be eliminated, such as certain diseases. The future holds many opportunities for humans to augment their bodies. The current expansion of the state and markets into communities and families created the most consistent peace in human history. Other necessary resources became nearly infinite as innovation and diversificationīecame industrial priorities. Capitalism developed as societies learned to use credit to reinvest profits in industry. Scientific discoveries increased in frequency as scientists learned to acknowledge ignorance and rulers sought resources like land and military strength. Laws established hierarchies that preserved the status quo. The first written language enabled humans to keep records and data beyond one individual's mental capacity and lifespan. Inter-subjective beliefs about law, justice, currency, and religion appeared 5,000 years ago as people sought ways to cooperate in large groups of strangers. Elite classes developed of people who lived off agricultural surplus but did not work the land. The domestication of wheat reduced the quality of life for the average human because it was less nutritionally diverse as the hunter-gatherer diet, but it allowed for massive population growth. sapiens prior to the Agricultural Revolution lived as hunter-gatherers with few possessions. sapiens developed a mental or social advantage, the Cognitive Revolution, over other human species, spreading to almost every continent of the world, and either eliminated or interbred with the remaining non-H. sapiens appeared about 200,000 years ago, they, and other species of humans, lived much like other animals at the middle of the food chain, scavenging remains of prey killed by top predators. When the first genetically identifiable H. OVERVIEW Sapiens by Yuval Noah Harari is a multifaceted review and analysis of the current understanding of human evolution and the forces behind major historical developments, beginning with the Neanderthals and other Homo species to Homo sapiens, leading up to the present day, and projecting what might happen in the future. Key Takeaway 8 Key Takeaway 9 Author's Style Perspective RESOURCES Table of Contents OVERVIEW IMPORTANT PEOPLE KEY TAKEAWAYS ANALYSIS Key Takeaway 1 Key Takeaway 2 Key Takeaway 3 Key Takeaway 4 Key Takeaway 5 Key Takeaway 6 Key Takeaway 7 Key Takeaways, Analysis & Review of Yuval Noah Harari’s Table of Contents OVERVIEW IMPORTANT PEOPLE KEY TAKEAWAYS ANALYSIS Key Takeaway 1 Key Takeaway 2 Key Takeaway 3 Key Takeaway 4 Key Takeaway 5 Key Takeaway 6 Key Takeaway 7 Key Takeaway 8 Key Takeaway 9 Author's Style Perspective RESOURCES